Subjunctive and formal structures

The mandative subjunctive, inverted conditionals and other formal structures

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1. 1
   选择题

   Choose the formal subjunctive: It is essential that every applicant a valid passport.

   havehas hadhadhavingAfter 'It is essential that', formal English uses the base form of the verb for every person.
2. 2
   选择题

   it not for your help, I would never have finished on time.

   WereWasHadIf'Were it not for' is a formal inverted form of 'If it were not for'.
3. 3
   选择题

   you require any further information, please do not hesitate to contact us.

   ShouldWouldWereHad'Should you require' is a formal inverted form of 'If you require'.
4. 4
   选择题

   The committee recommended that the proposal rejected.

   bebeenbeingto beAfter verbs like recommend, insist and demand, formal English uses the base form (subjunctive).
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   I known about the problem earlier, I would have acted immediately.

   HadShouldWereIf'Had I known' is a formal inverted form of the third conditional 'If I had known'.
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   The doctor insisted that he smoking at once.

   stopstoppingstopsto stop同样正确: should stopAfter 'insist that' we use the subjunctive, the base form, even in the past.
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   he to resign, the whole team would follow him.

   答案: Were'Were he to resign' is a formal inverted form of 'If he were to resign'.
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   that as it may, we still have to meet the deadline.

   答案: Be'Be that as it may' is a fixed subjunctive expression meaning 'even if that is true'.
9. 9
   填空

   I'd rather you tell anyone about this yet.

   didn'tdon'twon'tnot同样正确: did notAfter 'I'd rather' + another subject, we use the past simple for the present or future.
10. 10
    判断对错

    In formal English, 'If I were you' is preferred to 'If I was you'.

    答案: 正确'Were' is the subjunctive form used for unreal situations in formal and careful English.
11. 11
    判断对错

    This sentence is correct: 'Had I not to miss the train, I would have arrived on time.'

    答案: 错误The inverted form is 'Had I not missed the train', with the past participle.
12. 12
    讨论题

    Imagine you are writing a formal letter of complaint to a hotel. Write three sentences using structures such as 'I insist that...', 'Should you...' and 'Were it not for...'.

    参考答案: I insist that the full cost of my stay be refunded. Were it not for the kindness of one receptionist, my visit would have been a complete disaster. Should you wish to discuss this further, please call me.