Past modals: should have, might have, can't have

Past modals for regret, deduction and possibility: should have, must have, might have, can't have

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1. 1
   选择题

   You so rude to the waiter — he was only doing his job.

   shouldn't have beenshouldn't bemustn't have beencan't have been'Shouldn't have been' criticises a past action that was a mistake.
2. 2
   选择题

   She's not answering her phone. She asleep already.

   might have fallenmight fallshould have fallencan fall'Might have + past participle' expresses a possible explanation for a past situation.
3. 3
   选择题

   He the email — I sent it an hour ago and he always replies quickly.

   can't have seenmustn't have seenshouldn't have seencouldn't see'Can't have + past participle' expresses that something is almost certainly not true, based on the evidence.
4. 4
   选择题

   Which sentence expresses a confident conclusion about the past?

   He must have missed the bus — he's never late otherwise.He might have missed the bus.He should have missed the bus.He can miss the bus.'Must have + past participle' expresses a confident, logical conclusion about the past.
5. 5
   填空

   I (study) harder — I failed the exam.

   答案: should have studied'Should have + past participle' expresses regret about a past action that didn't happen.
6. 6
   填空

   They (leave) already — their car isn't in the driveway.

   答案: must have left'Must have + past participle' is used for a logical conclusion based on evidence.
7. 7
   填空

   It (be) him at the party — he was in another city that weekend.

   答案: can't have been同样正确: couldn't have been'Can't/couldn't have been' expresses near-certainty that something was impossible.
8. 8
   填空

   You (tell) me the news yourself instead of letting me find out online.

   答案: should have toldWe use 'should have + past participle' to criticise someone for not doing something.
9. 9
   填空

   She (forget) about the meeting — she's usually so organised.

   答案: might have forgotten同样正确: may have forgotten'Might/may have + past participle' expresses a possible, uncertain explanation.
10. 10
    判断对错

    This sentence is correct: 'He needn't have brought an umbrella — it didn't rain after all.'

    答案: 正确'Needn't have + past participle' shows an unnecessary action that was actually done.
11. 11
    判断对错

    This sentence is correct: 'She could have passed the exam if she studied.'

    答案: 错误The if-clause needs the past perfect, 'if she had studied', to match the third conditional.
12. 12
    讨论题

    Think of a mistake you or someone you know made in the past. Explain it using 'should have' or 'shouldn't have'.

    参考答案: I should have booked the tickets earlier — by the time I checked, the concert was completely sold out. I shouldn't have left it until the last minute.