Past Perfect

Past perfect for the earlier of two past actions, with when, after, by the time, already and never

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1. 1
   选择题

   When I arrived at the station, the train .

   had already lefthas already leftalready leaveswas already leaveThe train left before I arrived, so we use the past perfect: had + past participle.
2. 2
   选择题

   Choose the correct sentence.

   I had never seen the sea before I was twenty.I have never seen the sea before I was twenty.I never had seen the sea before I was twenty.I had never saw the sea before I was twenty.Had + never + past participle (seen) describes experience up to a point in the past.
3. 3
   选择题

   By the time we got to the cinema, the film .

   startedhad startedhas startedstartsBy the time + past simple shows a moment in the past; the action before it is in the past perfect.
4. 4
   选择题

   She was very nervous on the plane because she before.

   had never flownnever flieshas never flownis never flyingHer nervousness was in the past, and her lack of experience was before that: had never flown.
5. 5
   填空

   I couldn't get into the flat because I (lose) my keys.

   答案: had lost同样正确: 'd lostLosing the keys happened first, so it is in the past perfect: had lost.
6. 6
   填空

   After they (finish) dinner, they went for a walk.

   答案: had finished同样正确: 'd finished, finishedAfter already shows the order of events, so both had finished and finished are correct here.
7. 7
   填空

   When the police arrived, the thief (already / escape).

   答案: had already escaped同样正确: 'd already escapedAlready goes between had and the past participle: had already escaped.
8. 8
   填空

   you ever been to London before you moved there?

   答案: Had同样正确: hadIn past perfect questions, had comes before the subject: Had you ever been...?
9. 9
   填空

   We were really hungry because we (not / eat) anything all day.

   答案: hadn't eaten同样正确: had not eatenThe negative is hadn't (had not) + past participle.
10. 10
    判断对错

    This sentence is correct: 'When I got home, my brother had eaten all the pizza.'

    答案: 正确My brother ate the pizza before I got home, so had eaten is correct.
11. 11
    判断对错

    In the sentence 'When I arrived, Tom left', Tom left before I arrived.

    答案: 错误Two past simple verbs show that Tom left when I arrived, or just after. To show he left first, say: When I arrived, Tom had left.
12. 12
    讨论题

    Think of a day when everything went wrong. Write three sentences about it with the past perfect.

    参考答案: When I woke up, my alarm had already stopped. By the time I got to the bus stop, the bus had just left. When I finally arrived at work, the meeting had started without me.